Which patient scenario requires an N95 respirator due to airborne transmission risk?

• A. A patient with varicella (chickenpox)
• B. A patient with MRSA infection
• C. A patient with influenza on a general ward
• D. A patient with pertussis

Answer: (A)

Airborne precautions require an N95 respirator because tiny aerosolized particles can remain suspended in the air and travel beyond close contact. Varicella (chickenpox) spreads through these airborne particles, so healthcare workers must wear a fit-tested N95 and isolate the patient in a negative-pressure room during care. The other infections are not primarily airborne: MRSA spreads by contact (gloves and gown), influenza and pertussis spread mainly by larger respiratory droplets (surgical mask protection suffices in general care). By matching the transmission mode to the appropriate PPE, you protect staff and others from airborne pathogens like varicella.